Pelatihan ini membekali petani dengan keterampilan praktis dalam menerapkan agroforestri sawit yang berkelanjutan dan produktif. Program ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petani dalam mengoptimalkan budidaya sawit melalui pendekatan agroforestri yang ramah lingkungan, serta memberikan pemahaman tentang cara mengembangkan tanaman pendamping yang dapat dipadukan dengan sawit, dengan jumlah dan kualitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasar.
Tag: climate-smart agriculture
Awareness and uptake gaps in climate variability adaptation and mitigation strategies among tree-crop, bee-product and fodder value chains: Eastern Province, Rwanda
Key messages
- Around 50% of farmers adopt adaptation practices (resilient crops, agroforestry, soil and water management), but only ~10% use mitigation options such as renewable energy or energy-saving cookers.
- Traders and processors show higher adoption rates for mitigation (~35% renewable energy, ~41% energy-saving measures), yet overall uptake among other value-chain actors remains below potential.
- Farmers, buyers, processors, traders, and service providers have limited awareness and adoption of climate finance, as well as carbon credit opportunities, as mitigation measures.
- Stakeholders are more aware of climate variability impacts than they are active in the utilization of adaptation or mitigation measures. Bridging this gap require=s inclusive finance, bundled incentives, and local capacity building.
- Buyers, processors and traders lack a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts and sustainable sourcing. This underscores the need for inclusive value-chain development and private-sector investment in climate-smart agriculture technologies.
- Policymakers demonstrate relatively higher awareness and response capacity, while farmers, buyers, processors, and service providers require targeted capacity building to reach comparable levels.
Climate-Smart Practices for Sustainable Rice Farming: Impacts on Farm Technical Efficiency and Income in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
The agricultural sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate-Smart Rice Cultivation (CSRC) offers a pathway to improve productivity, resilience, and reduce emissions in rice farming. This study evaluates CSRC’s impact on technical efficiency and income in Pasuruan District, East Java, under the ‘Rejoso Kita Phase 2’ project by World Agroforestry (ICRAF). A total of 249 rice farmers—168 CSRC adopters and 81 non-adopters—were surveyed using structured interviews. Stochastic frontier analysis and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) were applied to control for selection bias and estimate treatment effects. CSRC adopters statistically significant achieved higher technical efficiency (0.872) compared to non-CSRC (0.737). Although CSRC farmers achieved higher income (IDR 5,782,717) compared to non-CSRC (IDR 4,290,970), the difference was not statistically significant. Key determinants of adoption include age, experience, and land tenure; younger and more experienced farmers are more likely to adopt. These findings suggest that scaling CSRC can enhance resource-use efficiency and strengthen climate resilience, especially when supported through targeted outreach to younger farmers, capacity-building programs, and risk-mitigating incentives. Policy recommendations include promoting CSRC branding, strengthening value chains, and facilitating access to direct marketing channels to improve economic benefits over time.
Transforming landscapes and livelihoods in Tigray: Evidence, innovation and development pathways
Key messages
- 71,904 vulnerable households empowered through climate-sensitive support (45 percent women)
- 939 households earned ETB 6.9 million from egg sales, significantly improving nutrition
- Achieved 73 percent herd growth, ensuring long-term income and food security for households
- Climate-smart irrigation technology boosted agricultural productivity by 20 percent
- 40.5 hectares (ha) of degraded land transformed into productive multifunctional agroforestry
- Strategically converted degraded hillsides and gullies into community opportunities
- 42 farmer research groups (1,524 farmers) accelerated the adoption of climate- resilient breeds
- 56 revitalized local institutions now provide crucial inputs/services to over 66,000 households
- 7,425 beneficiaries capacitated through inclusive, socially acceptable approaches
- Community provided 13,437 free labour days and added ETB 3.3–6 million in value to the project, driving local ownership and sustainability.
Development of aboveground biomass allometric equations for seven agroforestry tree species in northern Uganda
Accurate estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential for quantifying carbon stocks and assessing the climate-mitigation potential of agroforestry systems. However, many existing biomass models in Uganda and other eastern African countries were developed for natural forests, rely on limited sample sizes, or employ generalized equations that may not adequately represent trees grown under smallholder agroforestry setting This study developed species-specific allometric equations to estimate AGB for seven agroforestry tree species in northern Uganda: Acacia polyacantha, Albizia lebbeck, Gmelina arborea, Maesopsis eminii, Markhamia lutea, Melia volkensii, and Senna siamea. Destructive sampling was conducted on 36–44 trees per species across a range of diameter classes and management regimes in Gulu, Amuru, Nwoya, and Oyam districts. Diameter at breast height (D), tree height (H), and crown radius (CR) were fitted as predictors of AGB using nonlinear maximum-likelihood regression models. Model performance was assessed using coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (SE), prediction error (PE%), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and repeated k-fold cross-validation. The selected models explained most of the variation in AGB (R2 = 0.90–0.99) and PE% below 3.5%. Model structure varied among species: for M. eminii and S. siamea, D alone adequately explained AGB variation, whereas other species required combinations of D with H or CR. Comparison with previously developed models revealed that generalised or pantropical equations produced biased estimates. Therefore, the developed species-specific equations provide reliable tools for estimating AGB and carbon stocks in smallholder agroforestry systems and woodlots in northern Uganda, supporting carbon accounting and restoration monitoring.
Climate-smart agriculture and household food security: the case of smallholder farmers in semi-arid Tanzania
Smallholder farmers in the semi-arid districts of Kongwa and Chamwino, Tanzania, are increasingly vulnerable to food insecurity due to the escalating impacts of climate change. This study examined the association between climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption and food security using survey data from 380 households. The findings indicate that manure application, drought-tolerant seeds, and tree intercropping are the most widely adopted CSA practices, although the adoption rate declines as adoption intensity increases: approximately 25% of households adopt only one practice, while fewer than 5% implement six. CSA adoption was associated with higher dietary diversity (HDDS), improved food consumption scores (FCS), and lower household food insecurity access scores (HFIAS) and reduced coping strategies index (rCSI). CSA adoption was also associated with higher farm income, with greater adoption intensity amplifying both food security and income benefits. Household characteristics, including education, gender, off-farm income, asset ownership, and access to extension services, were linked to variations in adoption and outcomes. These findings highlight the potential of integrated CSA strategies to support food security and livelihoods. Policies promoting CSA intensification, addressing socio-economic barriers, strengthening extension services, and targeting gender disparities can enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of CSA adoption in semi-arid Tanzania.
Guidelines for Extension Agents on Establishing and Improving Agroforestry Systems and Management in Sri Lanka: Version 1
This technical manual developed to strengthen the capacity of extension agents, farmers, and land managers in designing, establishing, and improving climate-resilient agroforestry systems across Sri Lanka’s diverse agroecological zones. Produced by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) under the Green Climate Fund-supported Knuckles Project, the publication presents agroforestry as a key climate-smart agriculture strategy capable of simultaneously improving productivity, strengthening adaptation to climate change, and contributing to climate change mitigation. The manual provides practical guidance on agroforestry principles, species selection, farm design, homegarden management, smallholder and plantation agroforestry systems, and strategies to enhance adoption. It highlights how agroforestry can diversify income sources, improve food security, conserve biodiversity, regulate water resources, increase soil fertility, reduce erosion, and sequester carbon, while also addressing climate-related challenges such as droughts, floods, extreme temperatures, and changing rainfall patterns. Drawing on scientific evidence, local knowledge, stakeholder consultations, and examples from Sri Lanka, the manual outlines criteria, indicators, and step-by-step approaches for establishing and improving agroforestry systems tailored to local environmental and socio-economic conditions. It also emphasizes participatory planning, gender-responsive management, extension services, and monitoring frameworks to support long-term adoption and sustainability. Overall, the publication serves as a practical resource to promote resilient land-use systems that strengthen livelihoods while enhancing ecosystem health and climate resilience throughout Sri Lanka.
How to build processors’ and traders’ knowledge and capacity for climate resilience in agricultural value chains, Eastern Province, Rwanda (Processor and Trader Training Module)
The Processor and Trader Training Module is a detailed manual that is designed to reinforce the capabilities of processors involved in the TREPA project, with an emphasis on Eastern Province. The module, which has been prepared by a team of specialists, describes practical methodologies, specific interventions and best practices that can be implemented to increase the value addition, operational efficiency and competitiveness of local processors. The training aims to empower the participants with pertinent technical skills; to develop sustainable businesses and to achieve the overall objectives of the TREPA project, which strives to ensure economic enhancement and environmental sustainability in the region by adopting a practical and contextual approach.
Agroforestry Training Manual
This manual is a practical training resource developed to strengthen the capacity of extension agents and farmers in implementing agroforestry practices in Rwanda. Produced under the project Promoting Climate-Smart Agriculture for Improved Rural Livelihoods and Climate Resiliency in the Climate-Vulnerable Eastern Province of Rwanda, the manual provides technical guidance on integrating trees, crops, and livestock to enhance productivity, resilience, and environmental sustainability. The publication covers four main areas: agroforestry principles, systems and suitable species; tree nurseries and seedbeds; tree planting and management; and agroforestry products and services. It presents common agroforestry systems practiced in Rwanda, including woodlots, alley cropping, contour tree planting, fruit orchards, silvopastoral systems, home gardens, apiculture, aquasilviculture, and sericulture. The manual also provides practical recommendations on nursery establishment, seed handling, seedling management, tree planting techniques, pruning, thinning, coppicing, and tree protection. Furthermore, it highlights the economic and environmental benefits of agroforestry, including fruit production, tree seed enterprises, fodder, timber, fuelwood, honey production, erosion control, soil fertility improvement, climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation, and restoration of degraded lands. Designed as a hands-on training tool, the manual aims to promote climate-smart agriculture, improve rural livelihoods, and support sustainable land management through increased adoption of agroforestry practices.
Measuring what matters: soil health as the missing metric in climate-smart agriculture monitoring
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has become a central framework for addressing the intersecting challenges of food security and climate change. Assessments of CSA have largely relied on measuring the adoption of practices and technologies rather than the ecological outcomes they are intended to deliver. This article argues that the absence of systematic soil health monitoring represents a critical measurement gap in CSA, limiting the ability to verify whether interventions genuinely enhance resilience, contribute to adaptation and mitigation, and sustain productivity. Drawing on two decades of research, we show that soil health underpins all three CSA objectives – adaptation, mitigation and productivity – through its role in regulating water availability, nutrient cycling, carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. We propose scaling outcome-based monitoring to complement practice-based monitoring, positioning soil health as an integrating metric that aligns climate, land degradation and biodiversity agendas. Standardized landscape monitoring approaches, including repeated georeferenced measurements of soil health indicators through frameworks such as the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF), demonstrate that operationalisation is feasible and can generate longitudinal datasets. The recent embedding of soil health indicators within multi-level policy frameworks and reporting systems signals political support for implementing consistent soil health monitoring frameworks. Strengthening soil monitoring infrastructure is therefore essential for improving accountability, informing implementation and enabling performance-based climate finance.