Awareness and uptake gaps in climate variability adaptation and mitigation strategies among tree-crop, bee-product and fodder value chains: Eastern Province, Rwanda
Key messages
- Around 50% of farmers adopt adaptation practices (resilient crops, agroforestry, soil and water management), but only ~10% use mitigation options such as renewable energy or energy-saving cookers.
- Traders and processors show higher adoption rates for mitigation (~35% renewable energy, ~41% energy-saving measures), yet overall uptake among other value-chain actors remains below potential.
- Farmers, buyers, processors, traders, and service providers have limited awareness and adoption of climate finance, as well as carbon credit opportunities, as mitigation measures.
- Stakeholders are more aware of climate variability impacts than they are active in the utilization of adaptation or mitigation measures. Bridging this gap require=s inclusive finance, bundled incentives, and local capacity building.
- Buyers, processors and traders lack a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts and sustainable sourcing. This underscores the need for inclusive value-chain development and private-sector investment in climate-smart agriculture technologies.
- Policymakers demonstrate relatively higher awareness and response capacity, while farmers, buyers, processors, and service providers require targeted capacity building to reach comparable levels.
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This works is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors
Wainaina, P.,Mutune, J.,Stoian, D.,Muthee, K.,Gwaneza, E.,Minang, P.A.
Publication year
2026