Recently, a number o scientist have offered new sstrategies that promote agroforestry as a means of improving local livelihoods while conserving important species and environmental functions. Brossiu and Russel (2003) have even proposed ”reinvent” community based conservatio by suggesting the princibles of ”building assets across generations” assets that can include natural,social and economics. Leakey and Tchoundjeu(2001);Tchoundjeu et al (1999), have also made first rate progress in domestication and marketting science of indigenous fruit trees in humid tropics of West and Central Africa, thus supporting conservation in agroforestry landscape mosaics through use. Schroth and colleagues (2004) recently authorised a synthesis of the benefits that agroforestry can offer biodiversity conservation in tropical landscapes. They identified three hypotheses around how agroforestry can contribute to conservation: protection by reducing pressure to deforets land, provide habitat for native plant and animal species ,and serv as a benighn matrixs land use for fragmented landscapes. However they also state that intergrating and managing agroforestry with conservation is a major policy, institutional and technical challenge.This recognition of the multifunctional nature os especially forested landscapes has thus recently being consolidated in the realization that, approaches to manage for intergrated conservation and human development would require the identifiaction and management of ‘flows’ of ecosystem functions (like food chains, gene flows, water flows, pollination, seed dissemination, soil formation, disease reguation, nutrient assimilation) across extensive interconnected geographic and economic contexts.
Tag: governance
Analysis of Turkana County Indicators
Characterizing local adaptive capacity at various scales: A framework for adaptation planning
Evidence Based Planning and Decision Making for Devolved Counties: Experiences from Turkana County
Forest governance in DRC: an analysis from actors’ participation in REDD+ policy development
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has implemented Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+), a process that requires inclusive decision making and accountability. Our research analyses the participation of policy actors in DRC by asking: (1) Who is involved in national REDD+ policy making and what is their interest in participating in core policy events? (2) What level of participation do the different political actors have in core policy events? (3) To what extent do the outcomes, of REDD+ policy events incorporate different preferences of policy actors? We found that although actors’ interest in REDD+ policy events have increased over time, their concerns have rarely been taken into account in decision-making processes. The presence of local civil society and indigenous group organizations is weak while international organizations play a major role in the REDD+ arena. REDD+ is treated as a project rather than being embedded in national politics.
REDD+ in Indonesia: A new mode of governance or just another project?
Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), was adopted in Indonesia with an ambitious vision to promote a new mode of governance for Indonesia’s forest, replacing a mode of ‘projectification’. Projectification, as described by Li (2016), is understood as a process through which plans for systematic long-term change collapse into incremental, simplified technical solutions. These proposals often fail to address complex socio-economic problems and political-economic contexts, allowing large-scale deforestation drivers to persist.
We analyze whether Indonesia is on track toward transformational change or is conversely locked into projectification. We construct our analysis using results from a long-term study comprising surveys in 2012, 2015, and 2019 analyzing the evolving role of REDD+ in Indonesian forest governance. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, we examine changes in (i) discursive practices and policy beliefs; (ii) institutions and power relations; and (iii) informal networking relationships.
Our findings show that despite high hopes and some promising developments, REDD+ has not yet fully succeeded in creating transformational change. Ideas of REDD+ remain focused on efficiency and technical aspects of implementation and do not question business as usual and the current political economic conditions favoring deforestation. The changing structure of the REDD+ policy network and exchanges between actors and groups over time suggest government actors and large funding organizations are becoming increasingly dominant, potentially indicating a return to established patterns of project-based governance.
Impact of Indonesia’s Forest Management Units on the reduction of forest loss and forest fires in Sulawesi
The establishment of Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan/ KPH) represents one of Indonesia’s most significant forest governance reforms, covering the 120 million hectares of designated Forest Areas. Sharing features with the Landscape Approach, KPHs are expected to reduce deforestation and forest degradation through improved forest planning, oversight, open access avoidance, and fire prevention and response. This paper assesses the impact of KPHs on the reduction of forest loss, including forest loss due to fire, and the factors that influence this impact (e.g. KPH’s primary objective, deforestation risk). We use remotely sensed data to estimate difference-in-differences models accounting for differences in baseline characteristics and multiple time periods. Our case study, Sulawesi Island, is primarily shaped by smallholder farmer land use, where KPHs can exert significant influence. We do not find evidence of an overall effect of KPHs on deforestation. However, we observe intriguing heterogeneous effects depending on the year, including significantly less deforestation in already-established KPHs during the El Niño years of 2015–16, and a notable impact on the reduction of forest loss due to fire in some early-established KPHs. These findings warrant further investigation.
Forest (landscape) restoration governance: Institutions, interests, ideas, and their interlinked logics
Taking a critical social-constructivist perspective and highlighting the power of ideas in forest landscape restoration (FLR) governance, this historically informed contribution seeks to unpack the different rationales at play in global FLR governance. Drawing on three interlinked analytical dimensions—institutions, interests, and ideas (3Is)—the chapter elaborates on three (de)legitimizing narratives of FLR (win-win, implementation, critique) and on the underlying institutions and interests in which their discursive power rests. Based on the 3Is, we identify and critically discuss three key distinct logics that drive FLR policy and practice: (i) the global sustainability logic, (ii) the community logic, and (iii) the production logic. We conclude that if the inherent historical power structures in FLR design and implementation are not recognized and addressed, then the currently dominant FLR logics are likely to produce many “win-lose” or “lose-lose” projects.
Sustainable and fair forest and land restoration: Balancing goals, interests, and trade-offs
The chapter synthesizes the findings of the 11 chapters of this book and situates them in current debates on forest restoration and related literature. It explores forest restoration histories and trends; summarizes projections of what can be expected of future forest restoration; discusses the goals, costs, and actual and potential social, economic, and environmental benefits of forest restoration; and estimates how likely it is that benefits will be achieved in practice. The chapter deliberates on international, national, and local restoration governance, including how international restoration governance takes shape, how it relates to other international processes, and how it links to national and subnational forest restoration governance. The chapter, furthermore, discusses fairness and justice of local level governance. It ends by summarizing the major challenges of forest restoration and suggests how they might be overcome, reflecting on the best ways to translate the global restoration project into feasible pathways of doing restoration in a just and sustainable manner.
Considering context in participatory forest landscape initiatives
Why do some participatory processes help level the playing field in conservation and development projects while others reinforce unequal power relationships among participants? Complex problems, such as those related to land use and climate change, involve many people —government officials, non-profit conservation groups, private enterprises, local communities and funders.