Ce document est destiné à aider les forestiers et autres gestionnaires de ressources naturelles à intégrer plus efficacement le genre dans la gestion forestière (surtout tropicale). Il dégage 11 thèmes mentionnés par la littérature sur le genre. Chaque thème, bien qu’intéressant à toutes les échelles – macro, méso et micro – est examiné à une échelle précise, comme indiqué dans la « boîte du genre ». Le but est de mettre en valeur l’importance des échelles et leurs interactions réciproques, quand on étudie la vie des femmes et des hommes dans les forêts. De nombreuses références à la littérature sont données, à la fois pour guider les utilisateurs et pour indiquer clairement ce que les chercheurs sur le genre ont trouvé digne d’intérêt concernant chaque thème. La conclusion propose des pistes pour poursuivre l’étude du sujet.
Tag: demography
REDD+, transformational change and the promise of performance-based payments: a qualitative comparative analysis
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has emerged as a promising climate change mitigation mechanism in developing countries. This article examines the national political context in 13 REDD+ countries in order to identify the enabling conditions for achieving progress with the implementation of countries’ REDD+ policies and measures. The analysis builds on a qualitative comparative analysis of various countries’ progress with REDD+ conducted in 12 REDD+ countries in 2012, which highlighted the importance of factors such as already initiated policy change, and the presence of coalitions calling for broader policy change. A follow-up survey in 2014 was considered timely because the REDD+ policy arena, at the international and country levels, is highly dynamic and undergoes constant evolution, which affects progress with REDD+ policy-making and implementation. Furthermore, we will now examine whether the ‘promise’ of performance-based funds has played a role in enabling the establishment of REDD+. The results show a set of enabling conditions and characteristics of the policy process under which REDD+ policies can be established. The study finds that the existence of broader policy change, and availability of performance-based funding in combination with strong national ownership of the REDD+ policy process, may help guide other countries seeking to formulate REDD+ policies that are likely to deliver efficient, effective and equitable outcomes.
Agroforestry innovations and livelihood enhancement in the shadow of lucrative urban centres: a socio-economic study
A baseline study was conducted to document the social and economic impacts of adopting trees, managing agroforestry systems and improving tree product marketing practices as part of the USAID funded ‘Agroforestry Innovation and Livelihood Enhancement Program’ implemented by World Agroforestry Centre – ICRAF Southeast Asia and Winrock International, with assistance from RMI (the Indonesian Institute for Forest and Environment).IntroductionIntroductionThe data generated by this study will be used for farm-level economic analysis: (a) Analysis of the progress of agroforestry system in social and economic term, (b) Analysis of the financial return to the farm under different scenario, and (c) Orientation to farm budget and financial analysis by a selected group of interested farmers forexamining their management options including market linkages.
A seven-year study of large mammal populations in the Sahel, West Africa
The dry savannahs of the Sahelian vegetation zone house a remarkable community of large mammals that have been less studied than their counterparts in the eastern Africa. Here we examine some aspects of the ecology of a community of twenty different large mammal species in a savannah of Burkina Faso, for a relatively long-term period (seven years). We observed remarkable interannual differences in terms of (i) number of contacts and (ii) their groups size (range of groups). Nonetheless, the calculated Kilometric Index of Abundance, with all species pooled, showed a relatively stable value of 0.88–1 individual per Km, apart in 2012 when it decreased to 0.7. GLM models on the observed number of contacts and group sizes revealed that there were significant effects of the species, but neither of the year nor of the season. Remarkable species-specific density fluctuations throughout time were observed when applying the DISTANCE methodology to the dataset. The sex ratio showed great fluctuations between the years and by species, even if there was a general predominance of females.
“You never farm alone”: Farmer land-use decisions influenced by social relations
Farmer land-use decisions are commonly explained and predicted by socio-demographic, economic, ecological, and psychological factors. However, these models explain only part of the empirical data without accounting for the effect of social relations. This study aimed at exploring the effect of social relations on farmer land-use decisions using the status-power theory of relations. We hypothesised that farmer land-use decisions are driven by the need to comply with requirements of their salient reference groups, such as family, government, and spiritual beings. We undertook a case study in the Mt. Kenya region where we conducted individual interviews and focus group discussions among smallholder farmers. We then used chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) to explore influence of social relations on land-use practices. Reported social relations were diverse and accounted for land-use decisions that could not be explained by socio-demographic, economic or ecological factors. The results showed that a farmer seemed more likely to choose a land-use option if he/she believed his/her salient reference groups would be pleased with the option. Reconciling social relations with other factors such as farmer’s socio-demographic factors and geographic location also had a significant effect on the results. Insights into the impact of social relations in farmer land-use decisions can explain the often-heterogeneous decisions and can complement the economic analysis that is the conventional focus in analysis of farmer decisions. An understanding of the effects of social relations can strengthen development of policies that motivate implementation of more sustainable agriculture options.