Pendekatan dalam membangun usaha kebun sawit yang menggabungkan produktivitas, keberlanjutan, dan tanggung jawab lingkungan. Program ini memberikan pemahaman kepada petani mengenai Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) dan Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR), serta pentingnya pengelolaan tumpangsari (intercropping) melalui penerapan Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) sawit, sebagai bagian dari penguatan ketahanan penghidupan petani sawit rakyat.
Tag: cultivation
Climate-Smart Practices for Sustainable Rice Farming: Impacts on Farm Technical Efficiency and Income in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
The agricultural sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate-Smart Rice Cultivation (CSRC) offers a pathway to improve productivity, resilience, and reduce emissions in rice farming. This study evaluates CSRC’s impact on technical efficiency and income in Pasuruan District, East Java, under the ‘Rejoso Kita Phase 2’ project by World Agroforestry (ICRAF). A total of 249 rice farmers—168 CSRC adopters and 81 non-adopters—were surveyed using structured interviews. Stochastic frontier analysis and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) were applied to control for selection bias and estimate treatment effects. CSRC adopters statistically significant achieved higher technical efficiency (0.872) compared to non-CSRC (0.737). Although CSRC farmers achieved higher income (IDR 5,782,717) compared to non-CSRC (IDR 4,290,970), the difference was not statistically significant. Key determinants of adoption include age, experience, and land tenure; younger and more experienced farmers are more likely to adopt. These findings suggest that scaling CSRC can enhance resource-use efficiency and strengthen climate resilience, especially when supported through targeted outreach to younger farmers, capacity-building programs, and risk-mitigating incentives. Policy recommendations include promoting CSRC branding, strengthening value chains, and facilitating access to direct marketing channels to improve economic benefits over time.
Reducing emissions from all land uses – REALU. An approach toward reduce emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD/REDD+) and national appropriate mitigation action – NAMA (in Vietnam language)
This sourcebook provides a consensus perspective from the global community of earth observation and carbon experts on methodological issues relating to quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of implementing mitigation activities related to the forest land use in developing countries (REDD+). At current status of negotiation five forest-related activities have been listed to be implemented as mitigation actions by developing countries, namely: reducing emissions from deforestation (which implies a land-use change) and reducing emissions from forest degradation, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forest land, Enhancement of forest carbon stocks (all relating to carbon stock changes and GHG emissions within managed forest land use, including forest expansion on non-forest land). The UNFCCC negotiations and related country submissions on REDD+ have advocated that methodologies and tools become available for estimating emissions and removals from deforestation and forest land management, including forest expansion, with an acceptable level of certainty. Based on the current status of negotiations and UNFCCC approved methodologies, the Sourcebook aims to provide additional explanation, clarification, and methodologies to support REDD+ early actions and readiness mechanisms for building national REDD+ monitoring systems. It complements the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and it is aimed at being fully consistent with this IPCC Guidelines and with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual GHG inventories. The book emphasizes the role of satellite remote sensing as an important tool for monitoring changes in forest cover, provides guidance on how to obtain credible estimates of forest carbon stocks and related changes, and provides clarification on the use of IPCC Guidelines for estimating and reporting GHG emissions and removals from forest lands.
Passing problems: prostate and prunus – African team works to maintain sustainable supply of Pygeum bark
Expansion of fruit tree cultivation by different ethnic groups in mountainous areas of Vietnam: key tree species, challenges, and policy support
Growing fruit trees is becoming one of the main agricultural activities for different ethnic groups in mountainous areas of Northwest Vietnam. However, information on, e.g. key tree species and challenges for farmers in growing fruit trees remains unclear. This study selected fruit tree-growing areas in Dien Bien, Yen Bai and Son La provinces of Northwest Vietnam using spatial analysis for semistructured household interviews. Information on fruit tree cultivation types and species, motivations and challenges, and further support needed by farmers to grow fruit trees was gathered through interviews. Support policies enacted between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. The interviews revealed that the variety of fruit tree species in monoculture or agroforestry farms managed by the Kinh, Thai, and H’mong ethnic groups in the three provinces was likely affected by market access and species promoted by local governments, apart from altitude. Factors such as potential economic returns and incentives offered by support policies motivated farmers to grow fruit trees. However, farmers faced challenges in accessing more stable markets and incentives. Further support needed from local governments included more assistance to farmers to comply with the requirements and apply for incentives and to better access market opportunities.
Can improved plant nutrition buffer against water-related yield losses in oil palm?
Oil palm is the main source of vegetable oil in the world, with Indonesia accounting for 60 % of global production. Maintaining stable oil palm yields amidst changing climate is important given the implications for processing mills, supply chains, and socio-economic outcomes. Using monthly yield data collected over 7–9 years from four fertilization trials in water-limited environments in Indonesia, we assessed the impact of plant nutrition on the stability of oil palm yield. Each trial included three fertilization treatments (low, standard practice, and high) leading to differences in plant nutritional status across treatments as determined using leaf tissue analysis. Average yield was 77 % higher in the high- versus low-fertilizer treatments (27.1 and 15.3 t ha⁻¹, respectively), with temporal yield variation driven by water stress and vapor pressure deficit. Improved plant nutrition increased the yield response to favorable weather, leading to a concomitant increase in absolute yield variation (standard deviation and inter-quartile range), but smaller relative variation (coefficient of variation and sustainable yield index). On the other hand, improving plant nutrition had little impact on yield during low-yielding cycles due to water limitation. Despite the key role of plant nutrition to sustain high oil palm yields, our study shows limited room to stabilize yield and/or avoid climate-related yield losses. On the other hand, our findings suggest that future yield improvement will depend more on reducing yield constraints under favorable conditions, which will require greater flexibility to adjust field and mill operations to the larger yield variation.
Vietnam’s transition to low-emission food systems: 2025 country profile – 2nd Edition
This Occasional Paper was first published in 2023 and updated in 2025 to include revised national data and analysis.
The global food system is responsible for 23 – 42% of total net anthropogenic emissions. This share will likely increase in the future, driven by population and economic growth and changes in lifestyle, as other economic sectors are progressively decarbonized. Without rapid and radical transformations in food systems, the Paris Agreement targets will likely remain out of reach. Data on GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and removals are usually collected and analyzed across five economic sectors (energy, industry, agriculture, LULUCF (Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry) and waste). This makes it hard to identify and estimate food system emissions, which span across all these sectors.
This occasional paper is the second edition, revised, updated and expanded, of a previous analysis of food system emissions in Vietnam. It successively examines land use, agriculture (including fisheries and aquaculture), diets, and food system emissions in Vietnam, in the light of national climate engagements, policies and programs. It highlights the following largest sources of emissions from Vietnam’s food system: rice cultivation (23.4% of total food system emissions); livestock emissions related to enteric fermentation and manure management (16.7%); food household consumption (12.7%); food processing (10.1%); synthetic fertilizers, manufacturing and application (10.0%); and food system waste disposal (5.8%). Together, these sources emitted 117.8 MtCO₂eq in 2022 and accounted for 78.8% of all food system emissions.
Based on this analysis, this paper identifies four priorities for mitigation action, well aligned with national priorities: (i) reducing emissions from rice production; (ii) reducing livestock emissions related to enteric fermentation and manure management; (iii) reducing emissions from synthetic fertilizer production and use; and (iv) improving the data situation to understand and pinpoint the focus areas and address emissions from food household consumption and food loss and waste.
Cultivation of neglected tropical fruits with promise. Part 8. The Pejibaye
The pejibaye, Bactris gasipaes H.B.K., is an important fruit common insome areas of the American Tropics and unknown in others. It is a palm nativeto South American forests, and was introduced to Central America in pre-Columbian times, but is still seldom found in the Caribbean and other tropicalareas. The palm has several spiny trunks that each bear several multifruitedpanicles yearly. The fruits contain a single seed. The trees are usuallypropagated from seeds, but better techniques are needed to preserve selectedtrees as clones. The trees are adapted to a wide variety of tropical soils andclimates, and so far, few important diseases have been found. When mature,the fruits are harvested by a variety of techniques, none of which is verysatisfactory. Harvested fruit is easily damaged and damaged fruits rot rapidly.Mature fruits are boiled, and the pulp is eaten fresh, made into a meal, or macerated to make a drink. The seed is also edible. The palm cabbage is alsoharvested, usually from old trunks that are being removed anyway
Inter and mixed cropping in areca gardens
Rooting depth in cropping systems in the humid tropics in relation to nutrient use efficiency
A simple model is presented for calculating the rooting depth of a crop or crop combination required to intercept leaching nutrients for different climatic and soil conditions. Important parameters in this model are the amount of water moving through the soil, which depends on excess of rainfall over evapotranspiration, and the apparent adsorption constant, which depends on the nutrient and soil type involved. Calculations for three time patterns of nutrient supply in relation to nutrient demand show moderate effects of the degree of synchronization on rooting depth required if a high interception fraction is desired. In shifting cultivation systems a deep-rooted fallow vegetation can recover nutrients leached to the subsoil during the cropping phase. The simple leaching model can indicate the combinations of climate zone and apparent adsorption constant for which such interception is possible. It appears that recovery of leached nitrate is only possible in the subhumid zone. In the humid tropics the continuous presence of a deep root system as part of the crop combination on the field is necessary to use nitrogen efficiently, except when acid soil conditions keep all nitrogen in the ammonium form or when an almost ideal synchronization exists of nitrogen supply and demand during the growing season. Some data are discussed on the root distribution of food crops and on the possibilities to establish a “safety-net” under the crops grown in alleys between deep-rooted hedgerow trees.