À Madagascar, le Programme de Gestion durable de la faune sauvage (ou Sustainable Wildlife Management «SWM» Programme) est mis en œuvre autour du Parc Naturel Makira pour promouvoir la conservation de la biodiversité et améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. En particulier, le projet soutient le développement du petit élevage piscicole, afin de réduire la dépendance vis-à-vis des espèces sauvages menacées en offrant d’autres sources de protéines et d’augmenter les revenus des ménages, facilitant ainsi l’accès à la viande domestique. Si vous aussi vous avez choisi de développer votre activité de rizipisciculture ou de pisciculture en étang, ce manuel est là pour vous guider. Du choix du site à la récolte, en passant par l’introduction des alevins et l’alimentation des poissons, ce manuel présente les bonnes pratiques pour un élevage de poissons sain et productif. Le SWM Programme est une initiative de l’Organisation des États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (OEACP) financée par l’Union européenne (UE) et cofinancée par le Fonds français pour l’environnement mondial (FFEM) et l’Agence française de développement (AFD). Ce programme est mis en œuvre dans 15 pays membres de l’OEACP par un consortium de partenaires incluant l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO), le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad), le Centre de recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR) et la Société pour la Conservation de la Vie sauvage (WCS).
Tag: aquaculture
Assessment of mangrove structures and biomass on islands along the Java Sea: a case study on Bawean Islands and Karimunjawa Islands
Mangroves on the islands along the Java Sea play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, protecting coastlines, and sequestering carbon. However, there is a lack of information on mangrove structure and biomass in the area. This study aimed to assess the mangrove structures and biomass on Desa Daun, located on the Bawean Islands, and Kemujan Island, located on the Karimunjawa Islands, respectively. The study utilized a combination of line transect and quadrant plot methods with a size plot of 10×10 m. We established 7 line transects and 28 quadrant plots in the mangrove forest of Desa Daun and similarly set up 7 line transects and 21 quadrant plots on Kemujan Island. Within each quadrant, the mangrove species were identified, and their diameters at breast height (DBH) were recorded. To assess the relative significance of each species, the importance value index (IVI) was calculated, and allometric equations were applied to estimate biomass and carbon storage in the trees. PlanetScope imagery was also used to quantify the carbon stock of mangroves on those islands. In Desa Daun, 13 mangrove species were identified, while 12 species were recorded on Kemujan Island. The species Nypa fruticans and Excoecaria agallocha exhibited the highest IVI in Desa Daun and Kemujan Island, respectively. Notably, Rhizophora apiculata demonstrated the greatest biomass in both locations, with measurements of 43.08 Mg B/ha in Desa Daun and 102.22 Mg B/ha in Kemujan Island. Overall, mangrove stands on Desa Daun stored biomass of 113.60 Mg B/ha and carbon of 50.98 Mg C/ha, whereas mangrove stands on Kemujan Island stored biomass of 295.04 Mg B/ha and carbon of 131.95 Mg C/ha. Mangrove stands of the whole Bawean Islands sequestered 22,941 Mg C, while Karimunjawa Islands hold much higher C stocks, 79,451 Mg C. Despite being smaller in size, the Karimunjawa Islands have more extensive mangrove coverage compared to the Bawean Islands due to their geomorphological characteristics, which in turn influence their mangrove structures and carbon stocks. However, the loss of mangroves in the Karimunjawa Islands due to aquaculture expansions could increase carbon loss in the islands.
i-Mangrove Blue Carbon Dashboard: A mangrove-based climate solutions mapping tool to support high-integrity blue actions
Key messages
- Indonesia holds one of the world’s largest opportunities for mangrove-based climate mitigation, with over 300,000 ha of degraded mangrove areas and cumulative historical emissions of 257 Mt CO₂e resulting from 24 years of mangrove loss during 2001–2024.
- Aquaculture-driven conversion remains the largest source of mangrove carbon emissions, generating emission factors higher than those from mangrove deforestation and highlighting crucial priorities for targeted intervention.
- The i-Mangrove Blue Carbon Dashboard provides the first fully integrated, transparent and spatially explicit measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system for mangrove loss drivers, carbon emissions and restoration potential opportunity across Indonesia, forming a scientific foundation for high-integrity climate actions.
- High-integrity climate actions through mangrove blue carbon in Indonesia are potentially viable, with annual mitigation potential reaching approximately 12.24 Mt CO₂e yr–1 from avoided emissions and targeted restoration efforts.
- Adoption of the i-Mangrove Blue Carbon Dashboard strengthens implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), enables credible blue carbon markets and guides cost-effective investments by governments, donors and project developers.
- The dashboard provides foundational data that can be integrated into Indonesia’s carbon market infrastructure, including potential applications under Indonesia Carbon Exchange (IDX Carbon).
Opportunities for a low-emission transformation of Ghana’s food systems
Key messages
- Ghana’s food systems contribute significantly (54.1%) to total national anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – much above the global average (31%).
- The three primary sources of food system emissions in Ghana, ranked by decreasing order of importance, are: (i) land-use change emissions from deforestation, accounting for 40.7% of total food system emissions; (ii) farm gate emissions from livestock management (21.8%); and (iii) beyond-farm gate emissions from wastewater treatment and discharge (17.2%).
- While land-use change, livestock management, and waste dominate Ghana’s food system emissions, the most effective mitigation strategies emerge from considering both the origin and size of these emissions, as well as where Ghana can most rapidly and realistically implement change. The proposed priority measures therefore integrate emission magnitude with technical, economic, and institutional feasibility, consistent with Ghana’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Ghana’s food security and development priorities.
- Priority mitigation actions comprise intensifying cocoa production through agroforestry and strengthening preparedness for the EU Deforestation Regulation; improving fire management through controlled early burning and firebreak systems; reducing livestock emissions by boosting productivity and animal health; investing in urban (solid and water) waste management; diversifying into legumes and aquaculture to reduce dependence on meat for protein intake; actively integrating food system mitigation with improved market access and development; and increasing forest-related carbon sinks.
Towards low-emission food systems in Ghana: A country profile
Food systems – spanning the five economic sectors of agriculture, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), energy, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), and waste – account for about one-third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, making them a critical yet often under-reported component of the climate challenge. This document is part of a series of national country profiles. Comparing FAOSTAT and national estimates from Ghana’s first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) and Common Reporting Tables (CRT), this document provides an overall view of land use, forest, and agriculture, food security and diet, and food system emissions in Ghana. It identifies the following no-regret priorities for mitigation action: (i) zero-deforestation cocoa agroforestry that combines yield intensification with forest conservation and smallholder compliance with the EU Deforestation Regulation; (ii) savanna fire management through early burning and community firebreaks to curb late-season fires and emission peaks; (iii) livestock productivity and manure management improvements focusing on feed quality, animal health and composting to lower methane and nitrous oxide intensities without harming food security; (iv) urban wastewater and solid waste management via segregation, composting and anaerobic digestion to reduce methane and to recycle nutrients; and (v) nutrition-sensitive diversification through aquaculture, legumes and poultry to close the protein supply gap while cutting emissions intensity.
The crab silvofishery system as a conservation strategy in mangrove restoration area: A case study on the coast of Banyuasin, South Sumatra
Anthropogenic activities such as logging and converting mangrove forests into plantations have degraded coastal ecosystems and reduced their ecological stability. Silvofishery is a restoration system that balances the ecological and economic functions of mangroves. In Marga Sungsang Village, South Sumatra, mangrove restoration was integrated with mud crab (Scylla spp.) cultivation through a crab silvofishery system. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of mangrove restoration with a mud crab silvofishery system to mud crab growth. The study was conducted from August 2024 to January 2025. Growth parameters included carapace length, width, and body weight. Analyses covered absolute growth and the correlation between carapace width and body weight. Results showed that in non-mangrove ponds, Scylla tranquebarica males exhibited negative allometry (prominent carapace width), while females showed positive allometry (prominent body weight). Scylla paramamosain showed negative allometry in both sexes. In contrast, in mangrove ponds, both species showed positive allometry for both sexes, indicating higher weight gain. These findings suggest that mangrove vegetation provides optimal habitat conditions by increasing nutrient availability, protecting crabs during molting, and improving substrate quality. The results not only demonstrate the bioecological relationship between mangrove vegetation and mangrove crab growth but also highlight the role of crab silvofishery systems in supporting food security, mitigating climate change, and conserving coastal ecosystems. These results align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically goal 2 (end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture), goal 13 (climate action), and goal 14 (life below water). Although informative, this study was limited by temporal observations conducted only at the start of seed stocking and at harvest. Further research with continuous monitoring and environmental parameter analysis is needed. The findings can support mangrove restoration policies that integrate vegetation recovery with sustainable community-based aquaculture and promote blue economy development.
Restoration of declining soil carbon stocks and lost surface elevations in degraded mangroves on the northern coast of Java, Indonesia
Restoring degraded coastal zones could help to stem the loss of carbon (estimated by soil carbon differences) and soil surface elevations (measured through rod surface elevation table and marker horizon) due to mangrove conversion and sea-level rise. In mangroves, total ecosystem carbon stocks are primarily stored in soil, however the presence of vegetation remains crucial. When we assessed soil carbon across contrasting land uses in Wedung and Sayung Districts in Demak Regency, Central Java, we found that converting mangrove to aquaculture increased soil carbon by 17.68 Mg C ha-1 in Wedung but decreased it as much as 62.58 Mg C ha-1 in Sayung. Meanwhile, abandonment of ponds resulted in a loss of 34.24 Mg C ha-1 in Wedung but a gain of 8.81 Mg C ha-1 in Sayung. The estimated local sea-level rise of 0.45 cm yr-1 led to relative sea-level rises of 5.56, 6.82, and 1.36 cm yr-1 in mangroves, working and abandoned ponds respectively in Wedung, and 8.00, 10.39, and 10.46 cm yr-1 respectively in the same environments in Sayung. This indicates that Sayung is more severely inundated. After considering land subsidence levels, only mangroves in Wedung experienced an elevation surplus of 2.02 cm yr-1. The remaining land uses suffered elevation deficits, hence being inundated by 1.86 and 15.00 cm yr-1 in abandoned ponds in Wedung and Sayung respectively. Despite variation in this study’s findings, some scenarios could be considered useful to support relevant coastal areas to enhance soil carbon stocks or surface elevation.
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Mangroves of the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
The “Mangroves of the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic” (TSA) is a regional ecosystem subgroup (level 4 unit of the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology). It includes the marine ecoregions of Eastern Brazil, Northeastern Brazil, including the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Rocas Atoll. The TSA mangroves had a mapped extent of 1719.7 km2 in 2020, representing 1.2% of the global mangrove area. The flora is characterized by four true mangrove species: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia schaueriana, A. germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. They provide essential biological functions such as supplying food resources to nearby settlements, including fish, crabs, mussels, and prawns, as well as timber and coastal defence. Furthermore, these environments promote ecological interactions with adjacent coral reefs. The climate ranges from humid to semi-arid along the Brazilian coast, which influences the diversity of geological environments and forest structures in the mangrove ecosystem. Despite their ecological and socio-economic importance, mangroves are at risk from conversion to aquaculture, salt panning, coastal infrastructure development, and oil pollution. Mangroves have also been significantly impacted by two recent major disasters: the 2015 collapse of the Mariana dam, which released a vast quantity of iron mining waste, and an extensive oil spill along the Brazilian northeast coast in 2019. As of today, the TSA mangrove ecosystem area has undergone a net loss of -3.7% since 1996. If this trend continues an overall change of -6.7% is projected over the next 50 years. Furthermore, under a high sea level rise scenario (IPCC RCP8.5) ≈10.5% of the TSA mangrove area would be submerged by 2060. Moreover, 2.2% of the province’s mangrove ecosystem is undergoing degradation, with the potential to increase to 6.6% within a 50-year period, based on a vegetation index decay analysis. Overall, the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic mangrove ecosystem is assessed as Least Concern (LC).
Water and aquatic foods in revised principles of agroecology can accelerate food systems transformation
The interaction between climate change and agricultural intensification contributes to biodiversity loss, while widespread degradation of land and water undermine food system productivity. Agroecological principles aim to guide food systems transformation but rarely refer to water or aquatic foods, which are critical elements of nutritious, sustainable and equitable food systems. Here we examine the principles and frameworks presented in agroecological literature and suggest rephrasing of six of the principles to incorporate water, aquatic foods and land- to seascapes. We recommend three cross-sectoral actions that leverage aquatic features in agroecosystems to facilitate more effective transition pathways towards sustainable food systems.
Water and aquatic foods in the 13 agroecological principles
Agroecology is a holistic approach that aims to influence not just food production but food systems in their entirety. Water and aquatic foods are crucial for food security and nutrition and are key elements within agricultural and food systems. In 2019, the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS), High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) on Food Security and Nutrition identified 13 agroecological principles, while in 2014 it had issued a report on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. We bring perspectives from these two HLPE reports together, and bring them up to date, in this evidence note that explores the role of water and aquatic foods in the transformation of food systems through agroecology.