Tanzania International Centre for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF) Agroforestry Research Project started in Tabora in 1986 and in Shinyanga in 1991. This was in response to the massive environmental degradation due tod deforestation efforts that were geared to the eradication of tse tse flies and quelea quelea birds in Shinyanga Region and for tobacco curing in Tabora Region. The other problems were desclining soil fertility and shortage of dry season fodder for domestic animals.