This article examines social conditions in a bay experiencing population growth, gear conflict, overfishing, and general resource declince. Sample surveys of fishing households caried out in 1980 and 1993 in nine villages of San Miguel Bay reveal patterns of continuity and change. The key continuity is sustained overall population growth in fishing villages. Among the key forms of change are those which demonstrate a degree of adaptation to resource decline: decreased participation in fishing; greater reliance of fishing households on nonfishing income; increased dependence on remittances of nonhouseholds labor; and dramatic growth in the number of fishing organizations involved in resource management. The findings suggest that resource management policies should be patterned after spontaneous adaptations to resource decline.
Tag: Adaptation
Integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture and forestry: opportunities and trade-offs
Although many activities can jointly contribute to the climate change strategies of adaptation and mitigation, climate policies have generally treated these strategies separately. In recent years, there has been a growing interest shown by practitioners in agriculture, forestry, and landscape management in the links between the two strategies. This review explores the opportunities and trade-offs when managing landscapes for both climate change mitigation and adaptation; different conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation are highlighted. Under a first conceptualization of ‘joint outcomes,’ several reviewed studies analyze how activities without climatic objectives deliver joint adaptation and mitigation outcomes. In a second conceptualization of ‘unintended side effects,’ the focus is on how activities aimed at only one climate objective -either adaptation or mitigation- can deliver outcomes for the other objective. A third conceptualization of ‘joint objectives’ highlights that associating both adaptation and mitigation objectives in a climate-related activity can influence its outcomes because of multiple possible interactions. The review reveals a diversity of reasons for mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation separately or jointly in landscape management. The three broad conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation suggest different implications for climate policy mainstreaming and integration.
Training on climate-smart forage and feed innovations – Tanzania
To address land degradation, climate change, and livestock feed gaps in semi-arid Tanzania the Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project, in partnership with the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), initiated the spillover of validated climate-smart feed and forage technologies, with a focus on Gliricidia sepium agroforestry practices. On the 5th of December 2024, a workshop was held in Dodoma, Tanzania, to improve training participants’ knowledge on the selected technologies as well as enhance partnerships and collaboration to accelerate the spillover process. This workshop report highlights the need for the training and provides information on the participants and how the workshop was planned and conducted. The report concludes with the key challenges raised and proposed actions for the way forward.
Training on climate-smart forage and feed innovations – Malawi
To address land degradation, climate change, and livestock feed gaps in semi-arid Malawi, the Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project in partnership with the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), initiated the spillover of validated climate-smart feed and forage technologies, with a focus on Gliricidia sepium agroforestry practices. Over 2-3 December 2024, a workshop was held in Dowa District, Malawi, to improve training participants’ knowledge on the selected technologies as well as enhance partnerships and collaboration to accelerate the spillover process. This workshop report outlines the rationale for the training, details how the event was planned and implemented, and provides an overview of the participants. It concludes with a summary of the key findings and proposes recommendations to guide the way forward.
Climate smart landscapes: integrating mitigation, adaptation and development in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
Integrating adaptation into REDD+: potential impacts and social return on investment in Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines
REDD+ interventions can help both people and forests adapt to climate change by conserving or enhancing biodiversity and forest ecosystem services. However, additional adaptation measures might be needed, such as the protection of agriculture and livelihoods and the development of fire management strategies. Such measures could support the sustainability of REDD+ interventions and the permanence of carbon stocks by preventing activity displacement and induced deforestation and by limiting or avoiding damage to the ecosystem from extreme weather events. To design community-based adaptation interventions and assess their potential outcomes within the Southern Leyte Province REDD+ project area in the Philippines, representatives from seven upland Barangays (villages) of Sogod Municipality were involved in a bottom-up, stakeholder-focused process. A social return on investment framework was applied. Community members discussed climate and non-climate challenges and the effectiveness of their current coping strategies. Adaptation interventions were then conceived and planned, using future visioning exercises. Two interventions were prioritized: securing land tenure and developing abaca agroforestry (Musa textilis inter-planted with different fruit trees). Challenges and adaptation interventions were also discussed with stakeholders from relevant local- and regionallevel organizations (e.g. provincial and municipal government agencies) during a participatory workshop. Projected future climate scenarios, the sensitivity of key resources and adaptive capacity were also discussed. This resulted in a holistic understanding of the costs, benefits, opportunities and challenges associated with implementing the selected adaptation strategies not only in the target area, but also in the province more broadly. The Southern Leyte Province REDD+ project is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in collaboration with local government units and local communities under the Project ‘Climate-relevant Modernization of Forest Policy and Piloting of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in the Philippines’, funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) under its International Climate Initiative. This study was conducted by CIFOR in collaboration with GIZ with a grant from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).
Integrating adaptation into REDD+: potential impacts and social return on investment in Setulang, Malinau District, Indonesia
REDD+ interventions can help both people and forests adapt to climate change by conserving or enhancing biodiversity and forest ecosystem services. However, additional adaptation measures might be needed, such as the protection of agriculture and livelihoods and the development of fire management strategies. Such measures could support the sustainability of REDD+ interventions and the permanence of carbon stocks by preventing activity displacement and induced deforestation and by limiting or avoiding damage to the ecosystem from extreme weather events. To design community-based adaptation interventions and assess their potential outcomes within the Community Forest (Hutan Desa) REDD+ project area in Setulang Village, Malinau District, Kalimantan,village representatives were involved in a bottom-up, stakeholder-focused process. A social return on investment framework was applied. Community members discussed climate and non-climate challenges and the effectiveness of their current coping strategies. Adaptation interventions were then conceived and planned, using future visioning exercises. Two interventions were prioritized: development of rattan handicraft enterprises and rubber agroforestry. Challenges and adaptation interventions were also discussed with stakeholders from relevant district organizations (e.g. local government agencies) through individual semi-structured interviews. Projected future climate scenarios, the sensitivity of key resources and adaptive capacity were also discussed. This resulted in a holistic understanding of the costs, benefits, opportunities and challenges associated with implementing the selected adaptation strategies not only in the target area, but also in the district more broadly. The Community Forest (Hutan Desa) project in Setulang, Malinau, is facilitated by the FORCLIME programme of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. This study was conducted by CIFOR in collaboration with the GIZ, with a grant from the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Germany.
Guidebook on integrating community-based adaptation into REDD+ projects: Lessons from Indonesia and the Philippines
REDD+ interventions can help both people and forests adapt to climate change by conserving or enhancing biodiversity and forest ecosystem services. However, additional adaptation measures might be needed, such as the protection of agriculture and livelihoods and the development of fire management strategies. Such measures could support the sustainability of REDD+ interventions and the permanence of carbon stocks by preventing activity displacement and induced deforestation and by limiting or avoiding damage to livelihoods and ecosystems from extreme weather events. This guidebook demonstrates how community-based adaptation (CBA) can be integrated into REDD+ interventions and other mitigation activities through a 5-step approach. In addition to vulnerability analysis, a combination of participatory and analytical methods is proposed to capture the voices of multiple stakeholders at the community and broader levels and examine the linkages between adaptation interventions and REDD+. Special emphasis is placed on forest resources and forest management to explore the potential costs and benefits of adaptation interventions for effective REDD+ implementation. Case-studies from Indonesia and the Philippines demonstrate how the steps can be followed. The case study activities and the production of this guidebook were made possible by the financial contribution of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the technical and logistical assistance of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).