Relationships Between Forests and Social and Economic Resilience

This chapter examines the complex and multifaceted relationships between forests and social and economic resilience. It presents a novel framework to systematically categorise and analyse these interactions by defining a typology of four interlinked relationships: i) forest contributions to social and economic systems; ii) social and economic attributes of resilience; iii) effects of social and economic resilience on forests; and iv) external conditions and shocks shaping resilience. The chapter highlights the diverse ways in which forests support and impact social and economic systems among forest-dependent and other forest-proximate and distal communities, emphasising how contributions (both positive and negative) vary across contexts and scales. It also explores how resilience is shaped (both positively and negatively) by a set of key social and economic attributes, such as institutions and governance, participation, social learning, social networks, and economic assets and capital. Additionally, it explores how socioeconomic and environmental dynamics create feedback loops between forests and social and economic resilience, leading to diverse and unexpected outcomes. Finally, the chapter examines the influence of external conditions and shocks (including climate change, market forces, changing societal demands, and technological shifts) in shaping the relationship between forests and people, and influencing social and economic resilience.

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