Low-external-input alternatives to shifting cultivation in South Sumatera

Agriculture still constitutes the major interaction between mankind and the natural environment. In the process of ‘agricultural development’ local environmental constraints may be overcome, step by step, but side-effects of this development will often lead to new environmental constraints. These new constraints may act at a larger scale, regional or national /global and may jeopardize the sustainability of the farming system itself. Table 1 gives some criteria foe judging whether farming systems may be considered ‘sustainable’. Non-sustainability can be caused by not fulfilling the criteria at any of the three scales mentioned. Usually to the farmers only criteria at the local level are obvious.

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