Editorial: Socioeconomic implications of forests and forestry in a changing climate and governance

Forests provide critical ecosystem services—provisioning, regulating, and cultural—that support biodiversity, human well-being, and climate resilience. While wood remains the most documented forest product, non-wood forest products and services such as wild foods and recreation are increasingly recognized for their cultural and economic value. This special topic highlights the importance of viewing forests as multifunctional landscapes and underscores the role of governance in shaping forest use. Studies from Ethiopia and Malaysia illustrate how household fuelwood use and indigenous land rights intersect with carbon emissions and climate policy. Strengthening inclusive governance frameworks is essential to ensure forests contribute equitably to climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development.

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