Composting Training Manual for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya: Improving Soil Health and Building Resilient Farms

Agricultural productivity in Kenya continues to face major challenges due to soil degradation, nutrient depletion, erosion, and declining organic matter. In many counties, including Makueni, smallholder farmers struggle with acidic and infertile soils, unreliable rainfall, and limited access to affordable agricultural inputs. Composting—the natural process of recycling organic matter such as leaves, food scraps, and plant residues into nutrient-rich fertilizer—offers a practical and sustainable solution. It enhances soil fertility, improves structure, supports beneficial organisms, and boosts water retention. When integrated with complementary practices such as agroforestry, manure use, and soil and water conservation, composting strengthens resilience, supports sustainable food systems, and promotes environmental restoration. This training program responds to the growing need for practical knowledge and behavioral change among farmers. It aims to support their transition from dependence on chemical fertilizers toward organic waste recycling and resource-efficient farming practices.

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