Applying one health approaches to addressing disease risks in wildlife trade: Insights from a special issue

This editorial synthesizes research from across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and global contexts to examine the links between wildlife use, wildlife trade, zoonotic disease risks, and the One Health approach. Building on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, the collection highlights the interconnected nature of human, animal, and environmental health, demonstrating that preventing future disease emergence requires more than biomedical interventions alone. Effective risk reduction depends on integrated strategies that combine scientific evidence, governance reforms, community participation, and sustainable livelihood considerations. The collection further highlights the globalized nature of wildlife trade and associated disease risks. Studies examining international trade pathways, biosecurity gaps, and disease transmission risks demonstrate the importance of coordinated governance, risk assessment, traceability systems, and international cooperation. At the same time, contributors argue that effective wildlife governance must go beyond disease prevention and include biodiversity conservation, livelihoods, Indigenous rights, social equity, and ecosystem health. The One Health framework is therefore presented as a comprehensive approach that integrates public health, veterinary science, environmental management, and local knowledge systems. The Special Issue concludes that sustainable and equitable management of wildlife use and trade requires proactive, inclusive, and science-based governance capable of simultaneously supporting biodiversity conservation, human well-being, and long-term resilience.

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