Analysis of the drivers of deforestation and degradation in Sabah

This chapter analyzes the drivers, patterns, and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation in Sabah, Malaysia. It identifies major direct causes such as logging, agricultural expansion (especially oil palm), infrastructure development, and forest fires, as well as underlying drivers including economic development, governance structures, and global market forces. The chapter highlights how land-use change has transformed Sabah’s forest landscapes, producing both economic benefits and significant environmental and social costs, including biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and threats to local livelihoods. It also reviews mitigation strategies such as sustainable forest management, forest certification, REDD+, and multi-stakeholder partnerships, emphasizing the need for integrated, equitable, and evidence-based forest governance.

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