Awareness and uptake gaps in climate variability adaptation and mitigation strategies among tree-crop, bee-product and fodder value chains: Eastern Province, Rwanda

Key messages

  1. Around 50% of farmers adopt adaptation practices (resilient crops, agroforestry, soil and water management), but only ~10% use mitigation options such as renewable energy or energy-saving cookers.
  2. Traders and processors show higher adoption rates for mitigation (~35% renewable energy, ~41% energy-saving measures), yet overall uptake among other value-chain actors remains below potential.
  3. Farmers, buyers, processors, traders, and service providers have limited awareness and adoption of climate finance, as well as carbon credit opportunities, as mitigation measures.
  4. Stakeholders are more aware of climate variability impacts than they are active in the utilization of adaptation or mitigation measures. Bridging this gap require=s inclusive finance, bundled incentives, and local capacity building.
  5. Buyers, processors and traders lack a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts and sustainable sourcing. This underscores the need for inclusive value-chain development and private-sector investment in climate-smart agriculture technologies.
  6. Policymakers demonstrate relatively higher awareness and response capacity, while farmers, buyers, processors, and service providers require targeted capacity building to reach comparable levels.

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Authors

Wainaina, P.,Mutune, J.,Stoian, D.,Muthee, K.,Gwaneza, E.,Minang, P.A.

Publication year

2026

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