Recent survey efforts carried out in the Danau Sentarum National Park suggest that the site comprises faunal biodiversity of a bioregional and global importance. Site faunal inventory has yielded 240 confirmed fish species, or 71 per cent of Boreno’s freshwater fish fauna; not including nineteen potentially new and endemic species awaiting confirmation. This suggest that the site is the most diverse in Indonesia with respect to fish and is also one of the world’s most biodiverse lake systems. There are regionally significant listings of 237 confirmed bird species, and a tentative listing of 143 mammal species and all this provides ample justification for the initiation of immediate habitat and faunal community conservation effort on the site. However, there is not yet enough ecological detail to initiate firmer ‘species-focused’ conservation programmes. This data gap and the need for further ecological and taxonomic research is reaching crisis point as the risk of site and regional species extinction mounts in the face of accelerating habitat destruction and uncontrolled harvest and trade impacts. The introduction to the problem is followed by four detailed appendices of the fish species, the reptiles, the birds, and the mammals to be found on site.
Tag: reports
Are countries delivering on transparency? Key takeaways from the first Biennial Transparency Reports to the UNFCCC
Key messages
- The Paris Agreement requires Parties to submit Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. The first set of these reports was due by December 2024, however, as of February 2025, only 105 Parties had made their submissions—78 when counting the 27 countries of the European Union as a single Party—, while 90 submissions remained pending. Early submission was strongly correlated with country income level.
- This review applies a tailored screening and scoring framework to assess transparency in these first BTRs, focusing on two main dimensions – data and governance. The accuracy of data reporting was generally high– yet information on the Governance dimension in the reports remained limited referring to transparency, consistency, and comparability.
- To improve transparency in future BTRs, recommendations for data reporting include enhancing the quality of input data; adopting more advanced estimation methods and uncertainty analysis; improving inventory completeness across time series, emission categories and gases; and reducing the developing countries’ reliance on flexibility allowances in the reporting.
- Similarly, future governance reporting can be strengthened through standardized structured questionnaires or detailed checklists; better integration of institutional and stakeholder information; and greater recognition of non-state actor contributions.
- These improvements will require increased international cooperation, financial and technical support, and sustained capacity-building, particularly for developing country Parties.