Integrating the Theory of Change (TOC) and Jurisdictional Approach (JA) in preparing a sustainable palm oil action plan in Indonesia

The Jurisdictional Approach (JA) is an integrated landscape approach that is used within the administrative boundaries of the government. This approach can be used to encourage sustainable palm oil while promoting regional success in reducing deforestation. The project of scaling jurisdictional approaches in the Indonesian palm oil sector involves a multi-stakeholder, participatory, and gender-inclusive approach. JA can be integrated with Theory of Change (TOC) through workshops and focus group discussions to identify key issues at the regency level related to sustainable palm oil practices, especially regarding the implementation of Presidential Instruction Number 6 of 2019 concerning the National Action Plan for Sustainable Palm Oil Plantations. The objective of this paper is to examine the integration of TOC and JA in the preparation of a regional action plan for sustainable palm oil in Indonesia and to highlight the practical instances of how the integrated approaches enable significant promotion and generate meaningful collaboration between key players involved in advancing the preparation of a regional action plan for sustainable palm oil in Indonesia.
The integrated TOC and JA effectively heard the voices and interests of stakeholders in a participatory manner, understood the local context and issues, defined the problems to be addressed, formulated objectives, articulated the changes expected to be achieved, and established collaboration among different sectors to achieve sustainable palm oil practices at the jurisdictional level. TOC supports JA by articulating causal linkages between interventions and their desired effects and identifying three common types of theories of change: causal chain, dimensions of influence, and actor-centered theories.

Reconciling conservation and development requires enhanced integration and broader aims: A cross-continental assessment of landscape approaches

Expectations for agricultural landscapes in subtropical and tropical regions are high, aiming for conservation and development amid climate change, unfair trade, poverty, and environmental degradation. Landscape approaches (LAs) are gaining momentum as means to reconcile expectations, although they face multiple challenges, including unclear distinctions among LAs and stakeholder involvement. We studied 380 LAs from three continents via questionnaires with landscape managers (2012–2015 and 2021) and identified three LA types through cluster analysis: an “integrated” type with longer-term, multisectoral goals involving various stakeholders early in the design and two shorter-term types focused on sectoral priorities of preservation or production. Better-performing LAs are associated with longevity, inclusivity, and diversified investments across goals, notably those enabling social justice. International stakeholder analysis shows broad support for LAs but identifies gaps between support and LAs’ needs. The growing interest in LAs is promising. Yet, underpinning effective and lasting LAs that reconcile multiple expectations requires better support.

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