This paper proposes a framework to link social, economic, and biophysical dynamics using multi-agent simulation to explore scenarios of collaboration for forest plantation management. The modeling is based on decision theories. The purpose of this modeling is to produce shared knowledge about dynamics to facilitate coordination among stakeholders; its learning tool about forest management. The main hypothesis is that stakeholders, by creating a virtual world with researchers, will leran about the effects that their own decisions might have on themselves, others, and the environment. In the case of Sabah, it is at the stage of the first loop of learning, and scenarios need to be further tested with the stakeholders themselves. This forest plantation simulation suggests that the development of sawmills adapted to plantation wood might offer a promising pathway for increasing added value and the benefits of many stakeholders, including local communities.
Tag: forest products industry
Balancing supply and demand: A case study of rattan in the Danau Sentarum national park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
The Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP), Kalimantan, Indonesia, covers 30 000 ha of lake and 81 000 ha of lowland, seasonally flooded forest. It is the largest network of inland lakes in Borneo. The park is inhabited by over 5500 Malay fishermen. Most of the fishing implements used by the local population are made from rattan, and large quantities of rattan are also harvested and sold to timber companies for lashing together rafts of logs. The 3 most commonly used species at DSNP are duri antu (Calamus schistoacanthus), duri tapah (Calamus tapa) and duri pelanduk (Ceratolobus hallierianus). Inventories indicate that the 3 rattans differ greatly in the number of harvestable clumps/ha (>4.0 m tall). The duri antu populations average over 900 clumps/ha, duri pelanduk grows at densities of 400-500 clumps/ha, and duri tapah averages only 50 clumps/ha. Based on the observed relationship between clump height and the number of canes/clump, it is estimated that there are over 34 000 duri antu canes/ha growing in the flooded forest of DSNP. An analysis of local demand, productivity and current harvest intensities reveals that local rattan resources are being gradually overexploited. Several fishing communities have started to manage their rattan resources by controlling harvests and rehabilitating and enriching natural stands.
Manejo integrado de florestas umidas neotropicais por industrias e comunidades: aplicando resultados de pesquisa, envolvendo atores e definindo politicas publicas: Simposio Internacional da IUFRO, Belem PA, Brazil, 4-7 Decembre, 2000
The book includes a selection of 37 contributions (all in the original language – 16 in Portuguese, 13 in English and 8 in Spanish – but with abstracts in English) presented to the International Symposium “Integrated Management of Neotropical Rainforests by Industries and Communities: Applying Research Results, Involving Stakeholders and Defining Policy”, held in Belem, Brazil, from December 4 – 7 , 2000. The symposium intended to contribute – by providing information and recommendations – to the efforts underway at different levels (local, national, regional) to improve the perspectives for a wider adoption of sustainable forest management in the neotropics. The papers are divided in the three themes of the Symposium: Industrial-scale forest management (16 contributions), Community forest management and extrativism (15) and Means to promote the adoption of sustainable forest management (6). Overall, the papers provide a wide variety of conceptual, methodological and technical aspects related to the planning and implementation of forest management under different conditions, as well as practical experiences, research results and recommendations to improve the quality of forest management by different actors.
Eucalypt plantations
This paper reviews the historical development of the use of the eucalypt over 200 years, from its curiosity status in the botanical gardens of Europe to its extensive use as a fuelwood for the wood-burning locomotives of the national railway systems, and then to its more recent use as a major source of biomass for paper pulp, fiberboard, industrial carcoal, and fuelwood. Ecological and biological aspects of the genus Eucalyptus have made it successful as an exotic in industrial monocultures and as a multipurpose tree of benefit to small landholders. Social, policy, and economic aspects of growing Eucalyptus are examined, as are rospects for using the eucalypt in the twenty-first century as an industrial plantation tree and as a component of farming systems in the rural landscape.
Acacia mangium plantations in PT Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatera, Indonesia
PT Musi Hutan Persada, a forestry company growing wood for pulp in South Sumatra manages about 200 000 ha of forest plantations, 90% of which consists of Acacia mangium. Most of the plantations are in an area with high rainfall and on red-yellow podzolic soil with inherently poor fertility and low pH. Inter-rotation site productivity and management have been identified by the company as one of the crucial issues for sustaining the long-term productivity of its plantations. This paper describes the study plan for inter-rotation site productivity and management of A. mangium plantations in PT Musi Hutan Persada. The experiment tests the on-site effect of different treatments of organic matter or aboveground biomass management. Information from earlier work indicates that most A. mangium biomass and three major nutrients (N, P and K) is in the wood, and harvesting will remove around 200 kg N, 45 kg P and 240 kg K per hectare. Litter production of an 8-year old stand was about 13 t ha -1 and about 70% of its mass will be lost in one year.
Linking C&I to a code of practice for industrial tropical tree plantations
Over the last ten years there has been an increasing emphasis on development of plantation estates for both wood fiber and agricultural crops such as oil palm. The principles for sustainable development and establishment of industrial plantations also account for the social, environmental and biodiversity aspects.This document showed the first attempt of CIFOR to develop a process designed to link the development of criteria and indicators (C&I) more closely with practical and sustainable plantation development principles and practices, the latter expressed through a Code of Practice. To ensure that the two systems are mutually compatible they have been developed simultaneously. The process aims to ensure that the satndards for practical development of industrial plantations reflect, properly and appropriately, the needs and concerns expressed in the criteria and indicators for sustainable management and development of planted forests. This is intended to both increase the relevance and hence perhaps the adoption of C&I, such as those developed by CIFOR. Criteria and indicators can provide the benchmark for a plantation owner to assess progress towards sustainable forest management within their forest estate.It can be used as a means of assesing compliance with suitable set of benchmarks such as contained within a Code of Practice for industrial tree plantation development in the tropics (Code). (YS)
Can smallholder tree farmers help revive the timber industry in deforested tropical countries? A case study from Southern Philippines
In many countries of South and South-east Asia trees planted on farms are becoming the most important source of wood. In the Philippines, forestry statistics indicate that since 1999 between 50 percent to 70 percent of the log production came from planted trees because of misdirected policies on natural forests. Today, there are in northern Mindanao 135 active small-scale sawmills (SSS) exclusively supplied with farm-grown timber. These have an estimated log utilization potential of 111,064 m3 year1 and a sawn timber production potential of 76,596 m3 year1. However, the Philippine government has not duly acknowledged yet, the importance of timber production by smallholder farmers and their contribution to sustain the wood industry. Existing policies disincentive tree planting and the marketing of farm-grown timber. This chapter explores the importance and the potential of smallholder farmers to sustain the wood industry by characterizing the producers and the timber produced, and describing the structure of the market of farm-grown timber. The study was conducted among farmers in Claveria, northern Mindanao and wood processing plants located in Cagayan de Oro City and its neighbouring municipalities. Evidence is provided that most of the planted trees used by the wood industry in the region and sold in national and international markets are produced on-farm. This shows that smallholder farmers can produce large quantities of timber and efficiently supply local and national markets. The Philippine government and the wood industry sector must recognize the role of smallholder farmers as land managers and efficient producers of many important agricultural commodities, including timber.