finance Archives - Resilient Landscapes

Evaluación de los impactos de REDD+ desde una perspectiva local: Reflexiones sobre el bienestar en la Amazonía peruana

Mensajes clave

Al ser uno de los principales países que lideran los esfuerzos para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) asociadas con el cambio del uso del suelo, Perú ha establecido un marco regulatorio para la compensación por la reducción de emisiones a través de los mercados de carbono.
La compensación de emisiones mediante mecanismos como REDD+ tiene el potencial de generar diversos impactos en las comunidades forestales que participan en estos proyectos, que pueden abarcar aspectos económicos, sociales y de bienestar.
Para evaluar las implicaciones de REDD+ en el bienestar local, es fundamental entender, en primer lugar, cómo perciben las comunidades locales el concepto de bienestar y los efectos de REDD+ sobre el bienestar local.
Observamos que, en dos sitios REDD+ de la Amazonía peruana, existe consenso en que el acceso a la educación y el acceso a los servicios de salud son dimensiones fundamentales del bienestar local. La importancia de otras dimensiones de bienestar varía entre los dos sitios, siendo las diferencias socioculturales (comunidades rurales frente a comunidades indígenas) más marcadas que las de género.
Nuestros hallazgos indican que REDD+ no tuvo un impacto consistente en las dimensiones de bienestar identificadas a nivel local. Sin embargo, se observó un impacto negativo en uno de los dos sitios de estudio, posiblemente atribuido a las percepciones sobre falta de transparencia y al incumplimiento de las expectativas sobre los beneficios prometidos.

REDD+, transformational change and the promise of performance-based payments: a qualitative comparative analysis

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has emerged as a promising climate change mitigation mechanism in developing countries. This article examines the national political context in 13 REDD+ countries in order to identify the enabling conditions for achieving progress with the implementation of countries’ REDD+ policies and measures. The analysis builds on a qualitative comparative analysis of various countries’ progress with REDD+ conducted in 12 REDD+ countries in 2012, which highlighted the importance of factors such as already initiated policy change, and the presence of coalitions calling for broader policy change. A follow-up survey in 2014 was considered timely because the REDD+ policy arena, at the international and country levels, is highly dynamic and undergoes constant evolution, which affects progress with REDD+ policy-making and implementation. Furthermore, we will now examine whether the ‘promise’ of performance-based funds has played a role in enabling the establishment of REDD+. The results show a set of enabling conditions and characteristics of the policy process under which REDD+ policies can be established. The study finds that the existence of broader policy change, and availability of performance-based funding in combination with strong national ownership of the REDD+ policy process, may help guide other countries seeking to formulate REDD+ policies that are likely to deliver efficient, effective and equitable outcomes.

Framing national REDD+ benefits, monitoring, governance and finance: A comparative analysis of seven countries

This article analyzes how and with what possible consequences REDD+ is framed in the national policy arena in Cameroon, Indonesia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Tanzania, and Vietnam. It analyzes the most prominent views and storylines around key REDD+ design features among policy actors and in policy documents. We focus on storylines related to four questions, namely: (1) What should REDD+ achieve: carbon or also non-carbon objectives? (2) Who should monitor REDD+ outcomes: only technical experts or also local communities? (3) At what level should REDD+ be governed: at national or sub-national level? and (4) How should REDD+ be financed: through market- or fund-based sources? The vast majority of policy actors and policy documents frame REDD+ as a mechanism that should also realize non-carbon benefits, yet non-carbon monitoring receives very little attention. In all but one country, policy documents contain plans to involve local communities in the design and/or execution of measuring, reporting and verifying REDD+ outcomes. With regard to the level at which REDD+ should be governed, while most policy documents contain elements of a nested approach to accounting, almost all countries envision a long-term transition to national accounting and benefit distribution. We found strikingly little discussion among policy actors and in policy documents of how to finance REDD+ and acquire results-based payments. In the conclusion we reflect on possible consequences of the prominence of REDD+ storylines in the seven countries, and argue that carbonization and centralization of forest governance are possible outcomes given the limited attention to non-carbon monitoring and the envisioned centralized approaches to REDD+.

Forests, Fairness, Finance: CIFOR-ICRAF’s vision for global climate action at COP29 in Baku

The 2024 Forest Declaration Assessment recently showed that, despite global commitments to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030, progress remains alarmingly insufficient. Last year, deforestation and forest degradation continued at the same levels, or even worsened in some places, with primary forests facing significant destruction. Forest fires, exacerbated by human-induced climate change and land clearing, are growing in intensity and frequency, further undermining forest conservation efforts. Meanwhile, over 1 million hectares of tree cover was lost in 2023 in forested Key Biodiversity Areas, internationally recognized as critical for endangered species. Without a transformation of economic models and a global commitment to prioritize forest conservation, the world’s 2030 forest goals will remain out of reach.

Audited Financial Statements 2018

Audited Financial Statements 2015

Report on the financial statementsWe have audited the accompanying financial statements of the World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF/ the “Centre”) set out on pages 35 to 63. These financial statements comprisethe statement of financial position at 31 December 2015 and the statements of activities,changes in net assets and cash flows for the year then ended, and a summary of significantaccounting policies and other explanatory information.Management’s responsibility for the financial statementsManagement is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financialstatements in accordance with the Consultative Group on International AgriculturalResearch (CGIAR) Accounting Policies and Procedures Manual – Financial Guidelines SeriesNo. 2 (Revised February 2006 and supplemented by the 2015 Advisory Note) and for suchinternal control, as management determine necessary to enable the preparation of financialstatements that are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error.Auditor’s responsibilityOur responsibility is to express an independent opinion on the financial statements basedon our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards onAuditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan andperform our audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free frommaterial misstatement.

Finance that works for biodiversity – workshop report

An agricultural transformation is needed to shift production to a model that embraces biodiversity-friendly approaches. This transformation is predicated on successful models of biodiversity inclusive financing.

Enabling small holders to improve their livelihoods and benefit from carbon finance

The report contains a validated protocol for achieving the goal as indicated in the title of the project itself. The report provides details of the project work plan which is based on the hypothesis, framework and methods used in carrying out the activities, illustrates innovations and innovation process, and showcases the achievements.

Editorial: Expanding the debate on financial services

This volume of Enterprise Development and Microfinance (EDM) addresses from different angles and in different ways the capacities and needs of financial service providers to effectively reach to the poor. Some articles explore options for increased operational efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs), while others focus on the capacity of service providers to expand beyond microfinance. Some take a more global view, while others focus on experiences in specific countries, namely China, India, Togo and Brazil. Taken together, the articles provide fresh fodder for debates on how financial service providers can achieve sustainability and better support the poor’s capacity to deal with risk and uncertainly. The articles also provide important insights into how government and donors can better support service providers—or at the very least reduce the barriers that limit the impact and reach of service provision. Hopefully the rich debate here and elsewhere in EDM on financial services will inspire deeper reflection on how to increase the coverage and effectiveness of non-financial services, such as rural advisory services and business development services.

Tag: finance